Kugwirizana pakati pa Mapuloteni, Peptides, ndi Amino Acids
Mapuloteni: Ma macromolecules ogwira ntchito opangidwa ndi unyolo umodzi kapena zingapo za polypeptide zopindika m'magulu atatu-dimensional kudzera pa helices, mapepala, ndi zina.
Unyolo wa Polypeptide: Mamolekyu onga unyolo opangidwa ndi ma amino acid awiri kapena kupitilira apo olumikizidwa ndi ma peptide.
Ma Amino Acid: Zomangamanga zamapuloteni; mitundu yopitilira 20 ilipo m'chilengedwe.
Mwachidule, mapuloteni amapangidwa ndi unyolo wa polypeptide, womwe umapangidwanso ndi ma amino acid.
Njira ya Kugaya kwa Mapuloteni ndi Mayamwidwe mu Zinyama
Oral Pre-treatment: Chakudya chimaphwanyidwa mwa kutafuna m'kamwa, ndikuwonjezera malo opangira ma enzymatic digestion. Popeza mkamwa mulibe michere ya m'mimba, sitepe iyi imatengedwa ngati chimbudzi chamagetsi.
Kusokonezeka Kwambiri M'mimba:
Pambuyo kugawanika mapuloteni kulowa m`mimba, chapamimba asidi denatures iwo, kuvumbula zomangira peptide. Pepsin ndiye amaphwanya mapuloteniwa kukhala ma polypeptides akuluakulu, omwe pambuyo pake amalowa m'matumbo aang'ono.
Kugaya chakudya m’matumbo aang’ono: Trypsin ndi chymotrypsin m’matumbo aang’ono amaphwanyanso ma polypeptides kukhala ma peptides ang’onoang’ono (dipeptides kapena tripeptides) ndi ma amino acid. Izi zimalowetsedwa m'maselo am'mimba kudzera mumayendedwe a amino acid kapena kachitidwe kakang'ono ka peptide.
Pazakudya zanyama, ma protein-chelated trace elements ndi ma peptide-chelated trace elements amathandizira kuti bioavailability wa trace element kudzera mu chelation, koma amasiyana kwambiri pamayamwidwe awo, kukhazikika, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Zotsatirazi zimapereka kusanthula kofananira kuchokera kuzinthu zinayi: kachitidwe ka mayamwidwe, mawonekedwe apangidwe, zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito, ndi zochitika zoyenera.
1. Njira Yoyamwitsa:
| Chizindikiro Chofananitsa | Mapuloteni-chelated Trace Elements | Zinthu Zoyang'anira Peptide-chelated Zing'onozing'ono |
|---|---|---|
| Tanthauzo | Chelates amagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a macromolecular (mwachitsanzo, hydrolyzed plant protein, whey protein) monga zonyamulira. Ma ayoni achitsulo (mwachitsanzo, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) amapanga zomangira zolumikizana ndi magulu a carboxyl (-COOH) ndi amino (-NH₂) a zotsalira za amino acid. | Amagwiritsa ntchito ma peptides ang'onoang'ono (opangidwa ndi 2-3 amino acid) ngati zonyamulira. Ma ion zitsulo amapanga ma chelates okhazikika asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi okhala ndi magulu a amino, magulu a carboxyl, ndi magulu am'mbali. |
| Njira Yoyamwitsa | Amafuna kusweka kwa ma proteases (mwachitsanzo, trypsin) m'matumbo kukhala ma peptides ang'onoang'ono kapena ma amino acid, kutulutsa ayoni achitsulo. Ma ion awa amalowa m'magazi kudzera m'maselo a matumbo a epithelial (mwachitsanzo, DMT1, ZIP/ZnT) m'maselo am'mimba. | Itha kuyamwa ngati ma chelates osasunthika mwachindunji kudzera pa peptide transporter (PepT1) pama cell am'mimba epithelial. M'kati mwa selo, ayoni achitsulo amatulutsidwa ndi michere ya intracellular. |
| Zolepheretsa | Ngati ntchito ya michere ya m'mimba ndiyosakwanira (mwachitsanzo, mwa nyama zazing'ono kapena zopsinjika), mphamvu ya kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni imakhala yochepa. Izi zingayambitse kusokonezeka msanga kwa chelate, kulola kuti ayoni azitsulo amangiridwe ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi zakudya monga phytate, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. | Kulepheretsa kupikisana kwamatumbo am'mimba (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku phytic acid), komanso kuyamwa sikudalira ntchito ya kugaya chakudya. Makamaka oyenera nyama zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi kachitidwe ka m'mimba kapena nyama zodwala/zofooka. |
2. Makhalidwe ndi Kukhazikika:
| Khalidwe | Mapuloteni-chelated Trace Elements | Zinthu Zoyang'anira Peptide-chelated Zing'onozing'ono |
|---|---|---|
| Kulemera kwa Maselo | Chachikulu (5,000 ~ 20,000 Da) | Yaing'ono (Da 200~500) |
| Mphamvu ya Chelate Bond | Ma kugwirizana angapo, koma mamolekyu ovuta kumabweretsa kukhazikika kwapakati. | Kuphatikizika kosavuta kwa peptide kumalola kupanga mapangidwe okhazikika a mphete. |
| Anti-kusokoneza luso | Itha kukhudzidwa ndi chapamimba acid komanso kusinthasintha kwamatumbo pH. | Amphamvu asidi ndi alkali kukana; kukhazikika kwapamwamba m'malo amatumbo. |
3. Zotsatira za Ntchito:
| Chizindikiro | Mapuloteni Chelates | Peptide Chelates yaying'ono |
|---|---|---|
| Bioavailability | Zimatengera digestive enzyme ntchito. Zothandiza pa nyama zazikulu zathanzi, koma kuchita bwino kumachepa kwambiri mwa nyama zazing'ono kapena zopsinjika. | Chifukwa cha mayamwidwe achindunji komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika, kufufuza kwa bioavailability ndi 10% ~ 30% kuposa komwe kuma protein chelates. |
| Ntchito Extensibility | Zochita zofooka pang'ono, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zonyamulira zinthu. | Ma peptides ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi ntchito ngati chitetezo chamthupi komanso antioxidant ntchito, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zolumikizana ndi zinthu zotsatsira (mwachitsanzo, Selenomethionine peptide imapereka selenium supplementation ndi antioxidant ntchito). |
4. Zochitika Zoyenera ndi Zoganizira Zachuma:
| Chizindikiro | Mapuloteni-chelated Trace Elements | Zinthu Zoyang'anira Peptide-chelated Zing'onozing'ono |
|---|---|---|
| Zinyama Zoyenera | Ziweto zazikulu zathanzi (mwachitsanzo, nkhumba zomaliza, nkhuku zoikira) | Zinyama zazing'ono, nyama zomwe zili ndi nkhawa, zokolola zambiri zam'madzi |
| Mtengo | Zotsika (zopangira zopezeka mosavuta, zosavuta) | Kukwera (mtengo wokwera wa kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka peptide ndi kuyeretsa) |
| Environmental Impact | Mbali zina zomwe sizimamwedwa zimatha kutulutsidwa mu ndowe, zomwe zitha kuwononga chilengedwe. | Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, chiopsezo chochepa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. |
Chidule:
(1) Kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri komanso zofooka zamagayidwe (mwachitsanzo, anapiye, anapiye, mphutsi za shrimp), kapena nyama zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera mwachangu zofooka, ma chelate ang'onoang'ono a peptide amalimbikitsidwa ngati chisankho choyambirira.
(2) Kwa magulu otsika mtengo omwe ali ndi vuto la kugaya chakudya (mwachitsanzo, ziweto ndi nkhuku kumapeto kwa nthawi yomaliza), zotsalira za protein-chelated zitha kusankhidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-14-2025
